DNA Sequence Comparisons Analysis

For the results of Abby there was a 97% similarity. There was one base change because there was a change between the A and the T because it should have been a GAG and instead the results was a GTG. This process is called point mutation. I don't think that she has a disease because most of her DNA was the same.

For the results of Bob there was a 97% similarity. There was not enough protein produced once it reached the STOP signal. He has a disease. This process is called truncation mutation.

For the results of Carol there was a 58% similarity. In the frame, she was only missing the T. So, only one changed out of the sequence. She has a disease. This process is called Frame Shift mutation.

DNA Lab



This is what the formation started to look like in the tube.

This is what DNA looks like from the results of the lab.



      DNA Is totally amazing!!! Well to start with, DNA is a polymer. The monomer units of DNA are called nucleotides. The polymer is called a polynucleotide. Each nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen containing a base that is attached to the sugar, and a phosphate group. There are four different types of nucleotides that are found in DNA which are A, G, C, and T. A is for adenine, G is for guanine, C is for cytosine, and T is for thymine. In purine bases which are adenine and guanine there are nine atoms that make up the fused rings, and all of the ring atoms lie in the same plane.

The lab that we did in class was DNA Extraction from Wheat Germ. The wheat germ soup looked like a watery brown color to begin with. Then the appearance changed as my group added detergent and swirl into it. It turned to a lime green color with brown speks. At this step it is getting into the process of creating DNA. The appearance of the mixture after the alcohol was added, was that there was five different layers and now it has created DNA. At this step DNA has been created because of the formation it has went through. At the water-alcohol interface it didn't mix and it was staying separated. At the end of this lab the DNA looked like a white clump, like a spider web. In Conclusion, I learned about the formation of DNA by doing this neat lab.

From DNA to Proteins Vocabulary Words

Anticodon - A sequence of three nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to the complementary triplet in messenger RNA to specify an amino acid during protein synthesis.

Codon - A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides, which encode for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis, or translation.

Exon -A sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures.

Genetic Code -The ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in   living cells.

Intron - A sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein.

Messenger RNA -The template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

Promoter - A region of DNA that facilitates the transcription of a particular gene.

Protein-coding Gene -Consists of a promoter that is followed by the coding sequence for the protein and then a terminator.

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) -A nucleic acid molecule that is similar to DNA, but it contains ribose rather than deoxyribose.

RNA polymerase - An enzyme that produces RNA.

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) -Is the central component of the ribosome, the protein manufacturing machinery of all living cells.

Transcription -Or RNA synthesis. It is the process of creating an equivalent RNA copy of a sequence of DNA.

Translation -The process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) -A relatively small RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.